Job Design

demarcation DesignJob invent crapper defined as solve arrangement or re- arrangement focused on overcoming crease dis cheer and employee dementia arising from mechanistic tasks and repetitive. Organizations try to am decease carrefourivity levels by giving non- pecuniary rewards through problem design. Non- m whizztary rewards such as better satisfaction from a personal achievement in meeting the responsibility of nonpareils exertion and increase challenge (Business Dictionary, 2013)It besides refers to constitute a particular rent out position by grouped to apprehendher with forget me drug of activities and tasks. Job design should non be underestimated because of governing bodys overall productiveness will be affected by the way byplays be structured (Pamela S. Lewis, 2007). 2.0 Various Approaches of Job DesignMechanistic Job- Design ApproachThis burn up is derived from the scientific- management drill of thought, work specialization and work simplification. Its main scientific basis is innocent industrial engineering.Diagram 1 indicates the questions susceptibility ask to pose whether a melody stopes the mechanistic approach. Jobs with high mechanistic features the employees upbringing time is usually in truth short. The reason is mental demands are less, overload and try unlikely. The disadvantages of this approach are less motivated, less well-provided and higher absenteeism will occur in spite of appearance the musical arrangement. In highly repetitive and machine- paced work give the gate lead to wellness complaints and injuries caused by carelessness and physical wear. For example, low-level factory jobs and unskilled jobs who are working at construction (Michael A. silene and Paul W. Thayer, 2001).Biological Job- Design ApproachThis approach stems from the sciences of biomechanics, anthropometry, occupational medicine and work physiology. It is called biotechnology, and its main focus on play pop the biological ri sks of work and physical speak tos. biotech is means the science of bearing working environments or workstations that match the needs and physical abilities of employees. The terminus is to tally sure that peoples physical limitations and capabilities are not exceeded by the design of their jobs.This approach has been applied in the redesign of equipment used in higher physically demanding jobs so that employees bottomland perform better. This will pull up stakes in less physical fatigue, create less complaints of health, cause less injuries compare with other jobs, and require less physical effort. For instance, ladders, gloves and other equipment be cod been improved for the telephone installed job and many of assembly tools have been innovated fetch smaller to is better for female worker to grasp.In fact, a straightlaced sit down design is grievous for all employees with office jobs because of musculoskeletal health (Michael A. Campion and Paul W. Thayer, 2001). Thro ugh this approach employees are to a not bad(p)er extent satisfying with their job, solely it requires higher financial costs to innovate the equipment in the organization.Modern Job-Design ApproachModern Job-Design has been practicing by organizations nowadays. It can buoy be divided into job enlargement, job whirling, job enrichment and job empowerment. Job enlargement can define as a job with change magnitude the number and chassis of tasks. This approach was flummoxing challenges to the workers. The tasks are giving at the same level of responsibility job enlargement is in addition cognize as horizontal job loading. Conversely, job enrichment is known as just job loading, an employee add variety task in contrastive area. The results of increase task can be giving the job holder more than(prenominal) discretion, authority, and responsibility for making decision in their present role.Next, job rotation is the planned and systematic rotation of employees in pre-determi ned jobs so they able to get additional skills or knowledge. It is very utilitarian for developing motorcoachs because they need to have fully understanding overall operation in the organization. This approach too will befriend the employees who want to improve their knowledge and advance to a new role. One of the benefits of job rotation are employees have an fortune to learn skills, improve knowledge and ability by working in the different business units or departments. Another job design approaches is empowerment, it can refer to a management practice of sharing rewards, power and knowledge with employees so that they able to take initiative and make decisions to resolve problems and improve performance.Empowerment is based on the idea that providing employees opportunity, skills, resources, pauperism, authority, as well holding them accountable and responsible for outcomes of their decisions, will contribute to their satisfaction and competence. These approaches are the mo st in effect do method used by the organizations which improves the decision making skills of the employees and useful in their overall emergence (John B. Miner, 2007).Important of Job DesignJob design is very important because it design to fulfill the sine qua nons of the organization for operational efficacy, productivity and quality of product or service. A meet job design dexterity help the organization to achieve the goals. Job design offers good rest and work schedule by distinctly defining the number of mins an employee required to deteriorate on his or her job. For example, job design for insurance agent has a flexible work schedule and it will help to target more nodes. A flexible work schedule means employee can install their own working hours with a fixed number of total hours (CareerBuilder, 2012).This is because their customer may ask them to come out for sign contract or have the knowledge of the insurance at night if the working hour for insurance agent is fixed it will result the agent might not able to get the sales. Furthermore, Job design is fulfilling the needs of the soul for interest, accomplishment, and challenge. When the organization provided a proper job design for each single(a) employee may aid to increase the job satisfaction, retention of employees, and commitment of employees. For example, organization has sales and marketing vacant and this position have to travel. So the organization has to hire the person who is interest on travelling and meet the requirement of the job.This not only benefits to the individual employee it also the organization due to the employees is base interest with the job. Furthermore, the organization should use motivational job approach to keep back employees. The employer ought to use job enrichment or enlargement to sustain the employees who are tone of voice for challenge on work. With job enrichment, employer can expand the task for roughly employees. The employer may provide more interesting and stimulating work that increases variety and challenge to an employees daily routine.In fact, Coca- Cola Company is providing on-the-job learning, development programs, coaching and feedback, they make sure that everyone inthe organization to learn more and build their careers. The Coca- Cola stated we want Coca-Cola to be a great place to work where people are inspired and motivated to be the best they can be (Coca-Cola, 2010)Advantages of Job DesignBesides that, a good job design will increase the value of the position to the organization, engages the employee and dilute organizational risk. It results to better organizational efficientness and efficiency. Not only benefits the organization it also brings better results from employees. Organizational BenefitsEmployee Benefits Increased productivity and efficiency Greater limpidity of work role and purpose. More effective work aggroups Good team cohesion as roles, relationships and resources are clearly defi ned Improved employee attraction, engagement and retention Increased job satisfaction and engagement Targeted training to increase value from training investment. Targeted training to meet current and future job needsThe job design can benefit the organization to increase productivity and efficiency due to the employees has a clear work role, target and purpose of the job. Nowadays, the job advertising for all vacancy all clearly stated what the position required. Other than that, the organization will benefit more effective work teams through the team cohesion as roles, relationships and resources are clearly defined. That means they are clearly understand what is the purpose or goal for the organization and it will write out conflict between employer and employees.Through a proper job design for every individual employee the organization can reduce the requirement cost because the engagement and retention of employees. For employees, they are more satisfied with their job b ecause the job is customizing for her/ him. Furthermore, Training is a part of job design. strange to the philosophy of leave them alone, is better to emphasis on training so they aware what are their job demands and how it is to be done (MSG, 2013).It targeted on training employees to maximize value to the organization for employeesbenefits, they can get proper training from the organization and meet the current or future job needs. For example, insurance agent in AIA is provided training to improve their communication skills and loopy skills to convince the client to purchase their services. Job design is a continual process it aimed at helping employees make adjustment with the changes in the workplace. The end goal is reducing employee dissatisfaction, enhancing employee engagement and motivation at the workplace.Disadvantages of Having a ugly Job DesignA unretentive jobs design and poor systems may result of organizational stress. Research by the World Health Organization indicates that most stress of job happens when an organization values excessive demands and pressures that do not match employees abilities and knowledge. A poor job design is often attended by a few opportunities for the employees to exercise control or select in their positions. By offering more control for employee in decision- making can increase employee morale and productivity, as well as remove job stress.Overlooking poor work system design and job design might result in increased sick leaves and employee absenteeism. Employees can loss connect and become less committed and irritable to their work (Mary Tucker- McLaughlim, 2013). In addition, the poor ergonomics also will curve employee productivity and job satisfaction. Ergonomics is under biological job- design approach, it applied to verify those employees are not at risk of injury by pressure from working environment. However, ergonomics may also influence both on employees satisfaction and productivity of organization. One of the factors influence the worker productivity is poor design of ergonomics. This can be the physical layout of the workplace, which is poorly designed can slow down the employees want to move items around his/her workplace.Empirical evidence on course 1998 study from Florida International University it indicated the movement of distance, effect of tool mass, and work vizor on the productivity of the subjects. This researched resulted that three variables had an impact on performance time. It was increased costs and decreased productivity due to poor ergonomics (Beth Winston, 2013).Suggestion and RecommendationDiagram 3To develop a good job structure for new employee or higher-ranking employee who is promoted to higher position as a Human Resource (HR) manager mustiness follow the development of job design showed at draw 3. The way of develop job design is significance for future. It will reduce employee turnover in the organization through this will save cost from recru itment and training new employees. An employer might misinterpret that money is one of the tools to motivate their employees. Nowadays, job design is a significant in motivating employees to be more productive. Job design is an important impact on job satisfaction, employee motivation, and commitment to the organization. All of these will be affect the efficiency of the organization.Another purpose of job design is done for correcting and identifying any insufficiencies that affect motivation and performance of employees. Before apply job design to employees must identify their skills and knowledge. After that, decide what job design approaches to providing them. Job design must continually process, it is not only for new employee who joins the organization but also senior employees. A job design is benefits for senior employees to learn more and prevent boredom on their current tasks. Nowadays, job design is very significant to all organizations.When an organization gives a poor jo b design to an employee, it might result that low productivity or performance. This will influence the overall profitability within the organization. The organization has to customize to every employees because different employees have different level of ability or knowledge.